Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

The Ideological Functions of the Disclaim Resources in Press Conferences

Received: 20 February 2024     Accepted: 7 March 2024     Published: 2 April 2024
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

In Critical Discourse Analysis, appraisal system has been of ideological interest because it concerns the language expression closely related to values. When answering questions in press conference, many appraisal resources are used by speakers to express their own stances on important issues and persuade the journalists and the public. This article focuses on the disclaim resources within the appraisal framework, and analyzes their ideological functions in press conferences. Specifically, using a corpus of 100 transcriptions of press conferences as data, this study investigates the discursive function of disclaim and stance-taking realized by disclaim in press conferences from an ideological dimension. It can be found that deny is always widely employed together with counter to reject and replace the point of view, and thus realize the discourse function of counter-expectancy and information modification. Through disclaim, such evaluative stances, including but not limited to reminding, warning, dissuading, prohibiting, questioning, opposing, refusing and criticizing are expressed. The stance-taking realized by disclaim could help the speaker to show his or her positions in a more covert way, so as to establish and maintain power relationships. Therefore, the employment of disclaim in press conferences really carries strong ideological implications and the thorough analysis of the disclaim resources could provide some implications for Critical Discourse Analysis. Besides, from the study we can see that spokesman could use a lot of language resources to emphasize his or her own stances, and thus to convince the audience. Therefore, this study could provide some implications for spokesman of press conferences, especially for government spokesman to effectively communicate with the audience and achieve a more harmonious communication.

Published in Communication and Linguistics Studies (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12
Page(s) 9-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Appraisal, Disclaim, Press Conference, Communication, Critical Discourse Analysis, Ideology

References
[1] Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., Khosravinik, M., Krzyzanowski, M. McEnery, T. & Wodak, R. A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse & Society. 2008, 19(3), 273-306.
[2] Bakhtin, M. M. Speech Genres and Other Later Essays (translated by Vern W. McGee). Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1986.
[3] Bevitori, C. Discursive construction of the environment in American presidential speeches 1960-2013: A diachronic corpus-assisted discourse study. In P. Baker & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpora and Discourse Studies: Integrating Discourse and Corpora (pp. 110-133). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[4] Bublitz, W. Transferred negation and modality. Journal of Pragmatics. 1992, (18), 551-577.
[5] Chiapello, E. & Fairclough, N. Understanding the new management ideology: A transdisciplinary contribution from critical discourse analysis and new sociology of capitalism. Discourse & Society. 2002, 13(2), 185-208.
[6] Chen, X. H. & Du, M. X. Research on the positive public relations practice of local government press release in response to public emergencies —— A case study of Guangdong Governmental Press Conferences on COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control in 2020. Jinan Journal (Philosophy & Social Sciences). 2022, (4), 33-47.
[7] Du Bois, J. W. The stance triangle. In R. Englebretson (Ed.). Stancetaking in Discourse: Subjectivity, Evaluation, Interaction (pp. 139-182). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007.
[8] Eagleton, T. Ideology: An introduction. London: New Left Books, 1991.
[9] Fairclough, N. Language and Power. London: Longman, 1989.
[10] Fowler, R. Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge, 1993.
[11] Haselow, A. Expressing stance in spoken political discoursed —— The function of parenthetical inserts. Language Sciences. 2020, (82), 101334.
[12] Hidalgo-Downing, L. Negation in discourse: A text world approach to Joseph Heller’s Catch-22. Language and Literature. 2000, (9), 215-239.
[13] Hu, Z. L., Zhu, Y. S., Zhang, D. L. & Li, Z. Z. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 2005.
[14] Huan, C. P. Journalistic engagement patterns and power relations: Corpus evidence from Chinese and Australian hard news reporting. Discourse & Communication. 2016, 10(2), 137-156.
[15] Jiao, J. F. Construction and interpretation of news discourse ideology based on attitude resources. Journal of Xi’an International Studies University. 2018, 26(3), 41-46.
[16] Jullian, P. M. Appraising through someone else’s words: The evaluative power of quotations in news reports. Discourse & Society. 2011, 22(6), 766-780.
[17] Li, Z. Z. The renewed application of Appraisal Theory in the context of international communications. Foreign Languages Research. 2022, (2), 1-6.
[18] Liu, L. H. Research on Appraisal Theory. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2010.
[19] Martin, J. R. & White, P. R. R. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London: Continuum, 2005.
[20] Miao, X. W. Textual functions of negative constructions. Foreign Language Teaching and Research. 2011, 43(2), 220-229.
[21] Miao, X. W. & Yang, Y. The stance-taking function of negation in political speech from the perspective of engagement. Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education. 2021, (6), 25-30.
[22] Pagano, A. Negatives in written text. In Malcolm Coulthard (Ed.), Advances in Written Text Analysis (pp. 250-265). London: Routledge, 1994.
[23] Pang, C. W. Discourse reconstruction of the legitimacy of the Iraq War —— An evaluation study based on the corpus of Bush’s speech on the Iraq War. Foreign Languages Research. 2013, (4), 41-48.
[24] Partington, A. Corpus-assisted comparative case studies of representations of the Arab world. In P. Baker & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpora and Discourse Studies: Integrating Discourse and Corpora (pp. 220-243). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[25] Peng, F. Indexing discourse function with negative imperatives in Chinese conversation. Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. 2012, 23(2), 42-46.
[26] Persson, E. & Neto, L. M. Ideology and discourse in the public sphere: A critical discourse analysis of public debates at a Brazilian public university. Discourse & Communication. 2018, 12(3), 278-306.
[27] Qu, R. & Yu, S. S. The dissemination effect of press conferences in major emergencies. Journalistic Front. 2020, (8): 70-72.
[28] Quintero, M. J. P. Mitigating commitment through negation. Open Linguistics. 2018, (4), 685-706.
[29] Svartvik, J. L. & Quirk, R. A Corpus of English Conversation. Lund: Gleerup, 1980.
[30] Thompson, J. B. Ideology and Modern Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.
[31] Tottie, G. Where do negative sentences come from? Studia Linguistica. 1982, 36(1), 88-105.
[32] van Dijk, T. A. Ideology and discourse analysis. Journal of Political Ideologies. 2006, 11(2), 115-140.
[33] Voloshinov, V. N. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, Bakhtinian Thought-An Introductory Reader. Simon Dentith, Ladislav Matejka & Irwin R. Titunik (Trans). London: Routledge, 1995.
[34] Wang, G. F. A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of news reporting on China’s air pollution in the official Chinese English-language press. Discourse & Communication. 2018, 12(6), 645-662.
[35] Wang, Z. H. & Yang, L. A reflection on engagement systems. Foreign Language Research. 2010, (3), 51-56.
[36] White, P. R. R. An introductory tour through appraisal theory, 2001. Available at:
[37] Wu, R. Y. & Zhao, X. J. A study on the international communication of the harmonious discourse from the perspective of the Appraisal Theory. Foreign Language Research. 2022, (2), 36-41.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Lin, Y., Yang, Y. (2024). The Ideological Functions of the Disclaim Resources in Press Conferences. Communication and Linguistics Studies, 10(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Lin, Y.; Yang, Y. The Ideological Functions of the Disclaim Resources in Press Conferences. Commun. Linguist. Stud. 2024, 10(1), 9-18. doi: 10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Lin Y, Yang Y. The Ideological Functions of the Disclaim Resources in Press Conferences. Commun Linguist Stud. 2024;10(1):9-18. doi: 10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12,
      author = {Yansong Lin and Yang Yang},
      title = {The Ideological Functions of the Disclaim Resources in Press Conferences
    },
      journal = {Communication and Linguistics Studies},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cls.20241001.12},
      abstract = {In Critical Discourse Analysis, appraisal system has been of ideological interest because it concerns the language expression closely related to values. When answering questions in press conference, many appraisal resources are used by speakers to express their own stances on important issues and persuade the journalists and the public. This article focuses on the disclaim resources within the appraisal framework, and analyzes their ideological functions in press conferences. Specifically, using a corpus of 100 transcriptions of press conferences as data, this study investigates the discursive function of disclaim and stance-taking realized by disclaim in press conferences from an ideological dimension. It can be found that deny is always widely employed together with counter to reject and replace the point of view, and thus realize the discourse function of counter-expectancy and information modification. Through disclaim, such evaluative stances, including but not limited to reminding, warning, dissuading, prohibiting, questioning, opposing, refusing and criticizing are expressed. The stance-taking realized by disclaim could help the speaker to show his or her positions in a more covert way, so as to establish and maintain power relationships. Therefore, the employment of disclaim in press conferences really carries strong ideological implications and the thorough analysis of the disclaim resources could provide some implications for Critical Discourse Analysis. Besides, from the study we can see that spokesman could use a lot of language resources to emphasize his or her own stances, and thus to convince the audience. Therefore, this study could provide some implications for spokesman of press conferences, especially for government spokesman to effectively communicate with the audience and achieve a more harmonious communication.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Ideological Functions of the Disclaim Resources in Press Conferences
    
    AU  - Yansong Lin
    AU  - Yang Yang
    Y1  - 2024/04/02
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12
    T2  - Communication and Linguistics Studies
    JF  - Communication and Linguistics Studies
    JO  - Communication and Linguistics Studies
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2380-2529
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20241001.12
    AB  - In Critical Discourse Analysis, appraisal system has been of ideological interest because it concerns the language expression closely related to values. When answering questions in press conference, many appraisal resources are used by speakers to express their own stances on important issues and persuade the journalists and the public. This article focuses on the disclaim resources within the appraisal framework, and analyzes their ideological functions in press conferences. Specifically, using a corpus of 100 transcriptions of press conferences as data, this study investigates the discursive function of disclaim and stance-taking realized by disclaim in press conferences from an ideological dimension. It can be found that deny is always widely employed together with counter to reject and replace the point of view, and thus realize the discourse function of counter-expectancy and information modification. Through disclaim, such evaluative stances, including but not limited to reminding, warning, dissuading, prohibiting, questioning, opposing, refusing and criticizing are expressed. The stance-taking realized by disclaim could help the speaker to show his or her positions in a more covert way, so as to establish and maintain power relationships. Therefore, the employment of disclaim in press conferences really carries strong ideological implications and the thorough analysis of the disclaim resources could provide some implications for Critical Discourse Analysis. Besides, from the study we can see that spokesman could use a lot of language resources to emphasize his or her own stances, and thus to convince the audience. Therefore, this study could provide some implications for spokesman of press conferences, especially for government spokesman to effectively communicate with the audience and achieve a more harmonious communication.
    
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Sections