Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania

Andrew Stephen Mwampulo; Arthur Mngoma Omari; Duncan Mwakipesile

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

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Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania

Andrew Stephen Mwampulo^*, Arthur Mngoma Omari, Duncan Mwakipesile

Published in International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 4)

Received: 10 November 2023 Accepted: 1 December 2023 Published: 30 August 2024

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Abstract

Tea processing is an energy-intensive process. However, high agricultural productivity and subsequently the growth of the green revolution have been made possible only by a large amount of energy inputs, especially those from fossil fuels, wood fuels, and electricity. With recent price rise and scarcity of these fuels there has been a trend towards use of alternative energy sources such as waste (agricultural waste) to energy that could solve both energy and environment issues. Moreover, these energy resources have not been able to provide an economically viable solution for agricultural applications so long as they seem to contain amount of energy which can be source of energy to be used in various factories in rural areas through gasification process. A gasifier is normally fuel specific system and it is tailored around a fuel rather than the other way round. Hence, this paper presents an experimental assessment of energy potentials from tea wastes available at Itonaa Tea Factory for tea drying processes as important data for agricultural wastes. The experimental measurement of energy potential from tea wastes was done using bomb calorimeter, muffle furnace and energy balances to determine calorific value moisture content and energy potentials of tea waste respectively. The findings indicate that the combined energy potential of factory and garden tea waste was found to be 2.78x10⁸kWh, and corresponding electrical energy was estimated to be 2.78x10⁷kWh which is enough for tea drying process in tea manufacturing plant. The total energy used in the production of tea was discovered to be equal 3.5 - 7.5 kWh/kg of made tea. Thus, total energy consumption (4.5 kWh/kg of made tea) for processing of 9.6 x 10⁶ kg of tea from 4.5 x 10³ hectares of tea plantation in Mufindi for the period of 2021-2022 was 4.32x10⁷ kWh. Thus, with the proper utilization of energy conversion technology of tea waste, part of the energy requirement in processing of tea could be met reducing environmental challenges associated with both wood fuel burning and tea waste disposal.

Published in	International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
Page(s)	63-66
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Factory Tea Waste, Potential Energy, Calorific Value, Garden Tea Waste

References

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[2]	B. Debnath, D. Haldar, and M. K. Purkait, “Potential and sustainable utilization of tea waste: A review on present status and future trends,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 9, no. 5, p. 106179, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106179
[3]	H. Vishnoi, R. Bodla, R. Kant, and R. B. Bodla, “Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) and Its Antioxidant Property: a Review,” Artic. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., vol. 9, no. 5, p. 1723, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232 9 (5). 1723-36.
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[5]	T. R. Dias, G. Tomás, N. F. Teixeira, M. G. Alves, P. F. Oliveira, and B. M. Silva, “White Tea (Camellia Sinensis (L.)): Antioxidant Properties And Beneficial Health Effects,” Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Diet., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 19–26, 2013.
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[12]	C. R. Muoki, T. K. Maritim, W. A. Oluoch, S. M. Kamunya, and J. K. Bore, “Combating Climate Change in the Kenyan Tea Industry,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 11, no. March, pp. 1–10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00339
[13]	S. L. Jayasinghe and L. Kumar, “Potential impact of the current and future climate on the yield, quality, and climate suitability for tea [camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]: A systematic review,” Agronomy, vol. 11, no. 4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040619
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APA Style

Mwampulo, A. S., Omari, A. M., Mwakipesile, D. (2024). Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 13(4), 63-66. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

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ACS Style

Mwampulo, A. S.; Omari, A. M.; Mwakipesile, D. Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2024, 13(4), 63-66. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

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AMA Style

Mwampulo AS, Omari AM, Mwakipesile D. Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2024;13(4):63-66. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11,
  author = {Andrew Stephen Mwampulo and Arthur Mngoma Omari and Duncan Mwakipesile},
  title = {Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania
},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {63-66},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20241304.11},
  abstract = {Tea processing is an energy-intensive process. However, high agricultural productivity and subsequently the growth of the green revolution have been made possible only by a large amount of energy inputs, especially those from fossil fuels, wood fuels, and electricity. With recent price rise and scarcity of these fuels there has been a trend towards use of alternative energy sources such as waste (agricultural waste) to energy that could solve both energy and environment issues. Moreover, these energy resources have not been able to provide an economically viable solution for agricultural applications so long as they seem to contain amount of energy which can be source of energy to be used in various factories in rural areas through gasification process. A gasifier is normally fuel specific system and it is tailored around a fuel rather than the other way round. Hence, this paper presents an experimental assessment of energy potentials from tea wastes available at Itonaa Tea Factory for tea drying processes as important data for agricultural wastes. The experimental measurement of energy potential from tea wastes was done using bomb calorimeter, muffle furnace and energy balances to determine calorific value moisture content and energy potentials of tea waste respectively. The findings indicate that the combined energy potential of factory and garden tea waste was found to be 2.78x108kWh, and corresponding electrical energy was estimated to be 2.78x107kWh which is enough for tea drying process in tea manufacturing plant. The total energy used in the production of tea was discovered to be equal 3.5 - 7.5 kWh/kg of made tea. Thus, total energy consumption (4.5 kWh/kg of made tea) for processing of 9.6 x 106 kg of tea from 4.5 x 103 hectares of tea plantation in Mufindi for the period of 2021-2022 was 4.32x107 kWh. Thus, with the proper utilization of energy conversion technology of tea waste, part of the energy requirement in processing of tea could be met reducing environmental challenges associated with both wood fuel burning and tea waste disposal.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania

AU  - Andrew Stephen Mwampulo
AU  - Arthur Mngoma Omari
AU  - Duncan Mwakipesile
Y1  - 2024/08/30
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
SP  - 63
EP  - 66
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-960X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
AB  - Tea processing is an energy-intensive process. However, high agricultural productivity and subsequently the growth of the green revolution have been made possible only by a large amount of energy inputs, especially those from fossil fuels, wood fuels, and electricity. With recent price rise and scarcity of these fuels there has been a trend towards use of alternative energy sources such as waste (agricultural waste) to energy that could solve both energy and environment issues. Moreover, these energy resources have not been able to provide an economically viable solution for agricultural applications so long as they seem to contain amount of energy which can be source of energy to be used in various factories in rural areas through gasification process. A gasifier is normally fuel specific system and it is tailored around a fuel rather than the other way round. Hence, this paper presents an experimental assessment of energy potentials from tea wastes available at Itonaa Tea Factory for tea drying processes as important data for agricultural wastes. The experimental measurement of energy potential from tea wastes was done using bomb calorimeter, muffle furnace and energy balances to determine calorific value moisture content and energy potentials of tea waste respectively. The findings indicate that the combined energy potential of factory and garden tea waste was found to be 2.78x108kWh, and corresponding electrical energy was estimated to be 2.78x107kWh which is enough for tea drying process in tea manufacturing plant. The total energy used in the production of tea was discovered to be equal 3.5 - 7.5 kWh/kg of made tea. Thus, total energy consumption (4.5 kWh/kg of made tea) for processing of 9.6 x 106 kg of tea from 4.5 x 103 hectares of tea plantation in Mufindi for the period of 2021-2022 was 4.32x107 kWh. Thus, with the proper utilization of energy conversion technology of tea waste, part of the energy requirement in processing of tea could be met reducing environmental challenges associated with both wood fuel burning and tea waste disposal.

VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Andrew Stephen Mwampulo

Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania

Contact Email
Arthur Mngoma Omari

Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
Duncan Mwakipesile

Department Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mwampulo, A. S., Omari, A. M., Mwakipesile, D. (2024). Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 13(4), 63-66. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

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ACS Style

Mwampulo, A. S.; Omari, A. M.; Mwakipesile, D. Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2024, 13(4), 63-66. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

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AMA Style

Mwampulo AS, Omari AM, Mwakipesile D. Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2024;13(4):63-66. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11,
  author = {Andrew Stephen Mwampulo and Arthur Mngoma Omari and Duncan Mwakipesile},
  title = {Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania
},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {63-66},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20241304.11},
  abstract = {Tea processing is an energy-intensive process. However, high agricultural productivity and subsequently the growth of the green revolution have been made possible only by a large amount of energy inputs, especially those from fossil fuels, wood fuels, and electricity. With recent price rise and scarcity of these fuels there has been a trend towards use of alternative energy sources such as waste (agricultural waste) to energy that could solve both energy and environment issues. Moreover, these energy resources have not been able to provide an economically viable solution for agricultural applications so long as they seem to contain amount of energy which can be source of energy to be used in various factories in rural areas through gasification process. A gasifier is normally fuel specific system and it is tailored around a fuel rather than the other way round. Hence, this paper presents an experimental assessment of energy potentials from tea wastes available at Itonaa Tea Factory for tea drying processes as important data for agricultural wastes. The experimental measurement of energy potential from tea wastes was done using bomb calorimeter, muffle furnace and energy balances to determine calorific value moisture content and energy potentials of tea waste respectively. The findings indicate that the combined energy potential of factory and garden tea waste was found to be 2.78x108kWh, and corresponding electrical energy was estimated to be 2.78x107kWh which is enough for tea drying process in tea manufacturing plant. The total energy used in the production of tea was discovered to be equal 3.5 - 7.5 kWh/kg of made tea. Thus, total energy consumption (4.5 kWh/kg of made tea) for processing of 9.6 x 106 kg of tea from 4.5 x 103 hectares of tea plantation in Mufindi for the period of 2021-2022 was 4.32x107 kWh. Thus, with the proper utilization of energy conversion technology of tea waste, part of the energy requirement in processing of tea could be met reducing environmental challenges associated with both wood fuel burning and tea waste disposal.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Assessment of Energy Potentials from Tea Wastes as a Source of Energy: A Case of Itona Tea Factory in Tanzania

AU  - Andrew Stephen Mwampulo
AU  - Arthur Mngoma Omari
AU  - Duncan Mwakipesile
Y1  - 2024/08/30
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
SP  - 63
EP  - 66
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-960X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241304.11
AB  - Tea processing is an energy-intensive process. However, high agricultural productivity and subsequently the growth of the green revolution have been made possible only by a large amount of energy inputs, especially those from fossil fuels, wood fuels, and electricity. With recent price rise and scarcity of these fuels there has been a trend towards use of alternative energy sources such as waste (agricultural waste) to energy that could solve both energy and environment issues. Moreover, these energy resources have not been able to provide an economically viable solution for agricultural applications so long as they seem to contain amount of energy which can be source of energy to be used in various factories in rural areas through gasification process. A gasifier is normally fuel specific system and it is tailored around a fuel rather than the other way round. Hence, this paper presents an experimental assessment of energy potentials from tea wastes available at Itonaa Tea Factory for tea drying processes as important data for agricultural wastes. The experimental measurement of energy potential from tea wastes was done using bomb calorimeter, muffle furnace and energy balances to determine calorific value moisture content and energy potentials of tea waste respectively. The findings indicate that the combined energy potential of factory and garden tea waste was found to be 2.78x108kWh, and corresponding electrical energy was estimated to be 2.78x107kWh which is enough for tea drying process in tea manufacturing plant. The total energy used in the production of tea was discovered to be equal 3.5 - 7.5 kWh/kg of made tea. Thus, total energy consumption (4.5 kWh/kg of made tea) for processing of 9.6 x 106 kg of tea from 4.5 x 103 hectares of tea plantation in Mufindi for the period of 2021-2022 was 4.32x107 kWh. Thus, with the proper utilization of energy conversion technology of tea waste, part of the energy requirement in processing of tea could be met reducing environmental challenges associated with both wood fuel burning and tea waste disposal.

VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

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